When it comes to body language and crossed arms, many people assume this posture reflects distance or a negative attitude. The truth is that the meaning behind this gesture is far more nuanced, and understanding it requires looking beyond the usual stereotypes.
According to former FBI agent Joe Navarro, arm-crossing is often misunderstood, and its interpretation shifts depending on comfort, stress, or social dynamics. His observations reveal that this common gesture can say much more about what a person is feeling internally than about how they relate to others.
What crossing your arms really means, according to a former FBI agent
While many see crossed arms as a single, universal signal, Navarro’s observations show that this posture can express several different feelings depending on what a person is experiencing.
Comfort or “self-hug”
Navarro notes that many people cross their arms simply because it feels comfortable. In public settings—like listening to a speaker or waiting for a presentation—this posture acts almost like a brief self-hug. Most people who adopt it say they feel relaxed, not distant.
Stress relief
Crossing the arms can offer immediate comfort when someone is stressed. Touching or lightly massaging the opposite arm helps soothe tension, similar to hand-wringing but more effective. This is why teachers often see it during exams or high-pressure moments.
Masking insecurity
Some individuals fold their arms when they feel insecure or exposed. The former FBI agent mentions the example of Richard Nixon, who reportedly crossed his arms off-camera when facing people he perceived as more privileged, reflecting his own internal discomfort.
Anxiety or fear
High anxiety or fear may trigger arm-crossing as well. A person might hold their arms folded, occasionally freeing one hand to touch the neck—a gesture linked to tension or emotional distress—before returning to the posture.
Mirroring in comfortable interactions
Two people standing with crossed arms and crossed legs are not in conflict. Navarro explains that their mirrored posture actually shows comfort and alignment. Crossing the legs, which places the body slightly off balance, suggests ease around the other person.
Self-restraint or frustration
Children often cross their arms tightly when resisting something they dislike, and adults may show a similar pattern when upset. The gesture can act as a form of self-restraint, helping someone hold back anger or frustration without saying a word.
Power pose
In other cases, crossed arms serve as a way to appear larger or more imposing. Navarro notes that men, and sometimes women in authoritative roles, rely on this posture to project strength. You’ll often see it among individuals who feel the need to assert control or command attention.
Insulating from others
Occasionally, a person may fold their arms to create distance from someone they find unpleasant. It offers a small emotional barrier, even if others don’t always interpret it that way.
Feeling cold
Sometimes the explanation requires no deeper reading at all: they’re simply cold.
How others perceive it
Research shows that crossed arms can feel distancing between strangers, but among friends or colleagues it often signals focus and engagement. In workplaces where serious discussions happen frequently—such as offices or hospitals—this posture is common and not seen as withdrawing.
Navarro emphasizes that body language must be read as a whole rather than through a single movement. Environment, emotion, and relationship all shape what crossed arms truly mean.