The connection between foods, happiness, and health as you age is getting closer attention from researchers. Instead of focusing only on how diet impacts negative mental states, recent work examines how what we eat can boost positive psychological well-being.
A new study published in the British Journal of Health Psychology explored this idea in middle-aged and older adults. By analyzing data from thousands of participants, researchers identified a clear relationship between certain foods and three domains of well-being: eudemonic (purpose and relationships), affective (positive emotions), and evaluative (overall life satisfaction).
Four key foods linked to greater well-being as you age
The research found that four dietary components stood out for their connection to different aspects of happiness and well-being. Their impact varied depending on the specific area of mental well-being, but together, they painted a clear picture of how diet can influence positive psychological states.
Fruits
Higher fruit intake was strongly associated with better eudemonic well-being — that sense of purpose, connection, and positive functioning. This relationship remained consistent even after researchers adjusted for factors like age, social isolation, wealth, and depressive symptoms.
In the study, participants ate an average of two portions of fruits and vegetables daily. Those with higher fruit intake consistently scored better on measures related to purpose and life satisfaction. Even when controlling for long-standing illness, fruit consumption continued to show a meaningful link to overall well-being.
Vegetables
Vegetables showed a similarly strong connection to psychological health. Alongside fruits, greater vegetable intake was linked to higher eudemonic well-being across all models the researchers tested.
This suggests that the benefits of plant-based foods go beyond just physical health — they may influence emotional and psychological resilience as well. Even after accounting for depressive symptoms and other variables, vegetables maintained their association with a greater sense of purpose and fulfillment.
Fish
When it came to affective well-being — essentially, happiness — fish intake stood out. Participants who ate more fish reported higher happiness scores across all models.
While fish was not linked to every domain of well-being, its connection to positive emotions remained strong even after adjusting for multiple factors. Notably, over half of the study’s participants reported not eating fish, which researchers believe may have influenced their ability to fully detect all potential effects.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
PUFAs, which include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are essential for cell, nerve, and brain functions. Initially, researchers found an association between higher PUFA intake and eudemonic well-being. However, this link disappeared once depressive symptoms were considered in the analysis.
The study notes that participants’ PUFA intake was generally low, which may have limited the findings. More research is needed to understand the role these fats play in supporting happiness and health as people age.
What this means for happiness and aging
While the study highlights strong links between certain foods and well-being, it’s important to note that the research was cross-sectional. That means it can’t prove whether diet boosts well-being or whether happier people naturally make healthier choices.
Still, the findings point to the potential for simple dietary habits — like eating more fruits, vegetables, and fish — to support different aspects of psychological well-being later in life.
The authors emphasized that further studies, including intervention and longitudinal research, are needed to confirm how diet affects happiness over time and across cultures. But for now, these four foods stand out as promising choices for anyone looking to support both happiness and health as they age.